metaphysics. What we ought to believe about knowledge is epistemology. We cannot really make progress in either metaphysics or epistemology without standards for how we ought to proceed in examining these subdivisions. And the standards are ethical standards. Conversely, we cannot make progress in ethics without some sense of how we would come to know moral standards. And this process of coming to knowledge is the domain of epistemology. Thus all three subdivisions—metaphysics, epistemology, and